.net core seems promising and can be used on linux as well. Let's have a look.
Follow [these guidelines(https://www.microsoft.com/net/core#windows) to install .Net Core for Linux. In case you are using Arch Linux, then you can get the package from the AUR (dotnet-cli 1.0.0_preview2_003131-1 as of today). After that you can start creating a project.
This will create a new project with two files project.json …
and Program.cs
To execute the program one has first to call dotnet restore which will restore the necessary packages specified in the project.json and the you can start the program with dotnet run
You may now modify your Program.cs and then run again. .Net will recognize that the input was modified and compile the code again
Instead of working from console and modify your files there it may be better to use an IDE. You may used download Visual Studio Code for free and install the C# extension from the marketplace or you might try MonoDevelop. I will have a look on these options and come back with some feedback in a later blog entry.